There are two ways to view this passage in Isaiah. First, it is considered a part of Deutero-Isaiah, which was probably written during the exile. The post-First Temple Deuteronomists rewrote portions of the bible and introduced their religious views to excise the ancient First Temple beliefs.
Margaret Barker and other biblical scholars show that in the First Temple period, the Jews DID believe in multiple gods. There was a divine council, led by El Elyon/Elohim. He had several divine sons, the foremost being Yahweh/Jehovah. He divided the nations amongst them, and they spent the centuries attempting to overthrow other divine sons.
So, in Job 1, we see Satan and the sons of God going to heaven to test Jehovah for preeminence. Job believed in the divine council, but his friends viewed things from a monotheistic/Deuteronomist way, and challenged him, believing he had fallen and deserved to die.
The martyr Stephen on his death was filled with the Spirit and stated seeing Christ, the son of God standing on the right hand of God. Margaret Barker teaches that the concept of a divine council was reinstituted by early Christians who understood and followed the First Temple beliefs, but was later rejected in the Nicene Creed.
The other concept to consider is that Jehovah was the God in Israel during Isaiah's reign. Of the divine sons reigning over other nations there were always overthrows and intrigue (as we see in Job 1). The original Canaanite god was overthrown by Baal. In this instance, we can now understand why Jehovah would state that there was no other God of Israel before or after him, as in other nations.
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