[Hemidakota]

Part-6

reynolds, george (1842-1909). Admitted 8 april 1881.
Rich, charles c. (1809-1883). Admitted between 14 march and 11 april 1844. Released due to old age 24 june 1882.
Rich, joseph c. (1841-1908). Admitted 25 january 1867.
Richards, franklin d. (1821-1899). Admitted 17 march 1849.
Richards, franklin s. (1849-1934). Admitted 10 april 1880.
Richards, heber j. (1840-1919).was voted in 23 january 1867. Admitted 5 october 1867.
Richards, levi (1799-1876). Admitted 11 march 1844.
Richards, phinehas (1788-1874). Admitted 6 december 1848.
Richards, willard (1804-1854). Attended provisional meeting on 10 march 1844 and appointed chairman. Admitted officially 11 march 1844. Released as provisional chairman and made recorder on 13 march 1844.
Rigdon, sidney (1793-1876). Admitted 19 march 1844. Dropped 4 february 1845.
Rockwell, orrin porter (1815-1878). Admitted 19 march 1844.
Rockwood, albert p. (1805-1879). Admitted 1 march 1845.
Roundy, shadrach (1789-1872). Was voted in 1 march 1845.
Sharp, john (1820-1891). Admitted 25 january 1867.
Shumway, charles (1806-1898). Admitted 18 or 22 april 1845. Released due to old age 24 june 1882.
Shurtliff, lewis w. (1835-1922). Admitted 10 april 1883.
Smith, elias (1804-1888). Admitted between 14 march and 11 april 1844.
Smith, george a. (1817-1875). Attended provisional meeting on 10 march 1844. Admitted 11 march 1844.
Smith, hyrum (1800-1844). Attended provisional meeting on 10 march 1844. Admitted 11 march 1844.
Smith, john (1781-1854). Admitted between 14 march and 11 april 1844.
Smith, john henry (1848-1911). Admitted 10 april 1880.
Smith, joseph, jr. (1805-1844). Attended provisional meeting on 10 march 1844. Admitted 11 march 1844. Appointed standing chairman 13 march 1844. Ordained and anointed prophet, priest, and king over israel on earth on 11 april 1844.
Smith, joseph f. (1838-1918). Was voted in 23 january 1867. Admitted 25 january or 5 april 1867.
Smith, silas s. (1830-1910). Admitted 10 april 1880.
Smith, william (1811-1894). Admitted 25 april 1844. Dropped after 9 september 1845.
Smith, william r. (1826-1894). Admitted 10 april 1880.
Smoot, abraham o. (1815-1895). Admitted 25 january 1867.
Snow, erastus (1818-1888). Admitted 11 march 1844.
Snow, lorenzo (1814-1901). Admitted 10 march 1849.
Snow, willard (1811-1853). Admitted 6 december 1848.
Spencer, daniel (1794-1868). Was voted in 1 march 1845. Admitted 18 march 1845.
Spencer, orson (1802-1855). Admitted 19 march 1844.
Stout, hosea (1810-1889). Admitted 25 january 1867.
Taylor, george j. (1834-1914). Was voted in 23 january 1867. Admitted 25 january 1867.
Taylor, john (1808-1887). Attended provisional meeting on 10 march 1844. Admitted 11 march 1844. Elected standing chairman 10 april 1880. Anointed and ordained as king, priest, and ruler over israel on earth on 4 february 1885.
Taylor, john w. (1858-1916). Admitted 9 october 1884.
Taylor, william w. (1853-1884). Admitted 10 april 1880. Elected assistant clerk on 10 april 1880.
Teasdale, george (1831-1907). Was voted in 26 june 1882. Admitted 27 june or 10 october 1882.
Thatcher, moses (1842-1909). Admitted 10 april 1880.
Thayer, ezra (1790- ). Admitted between 14 march and 11 april 1844. Dropped sometime after 22 april 1845.
Turley, theodore (1801-1871). Admitted 1 march 1845.
Vancott, john (1814-1883). Admitted 12 october 1880.
Wasson, lorenzo d. (1819-1857). Attended provisional meeting on 10 march 1844. Admitted 11 march 1844. Dropped 4 february 1845.
Wells, daniel h. (1814-1891). Admitted 6 december 1848.
Wells, junius f. (1854-1930). Admitted 10 april 1880.
Whitney, newel k. (1795-1850). Attended provisional meeting on 10 march 1844. Admitted 11 march 1844.
Wight, lyman (1796-1858). Was voted in 18 april 1844. Admitted 3 may 1844. Dropped 4 february 1845.
Winder, john r. (1820-1910). Admitted 8 april 1881.
Woodruff, wilford (1807-1898). Admitted 13 march 1844.
Woodworth, lucien (1799- ). Admitted 11 march 1844. Dropped after 1848.
Yearsley, david d. (1808-1849). Admitted between 14 march and 11 april 1844.
Young, brigham (1801-1877). Attended provisional meeting on 10 march 1844. Admitted 11 march 1844. Appointed standing chairman 4 february 1845. Anointed and ordained king, priest, and ruler over israel on earth, probably in 1848-1849 period.
Young, brigham, jr. (1836-1903). Admitted 23 january 1867.
Young, john (1791-1870). Admitted 9 february 1849.
Young, john w. (1844-1924). Admitted 5 october 1867.
Young, joseph (1797-1881). Admitted 1 march 1845.
Young, joseph a. (1834-1875). Admitted 23 january 1867.
Young, phineas h. (1799-1879). Admitted 15 april 1845. His "fellowship" in the council was challenged on 22 august 1851, but he reconciled himself with the council on that date.
Young, seymour b. (1837-1924). Admitted 9 october 1884.

D. Michael quinn is an associate professor of american history, brigham young university. This article is an expansion of the author's interpretation of the council of fifty in "the mormon hierarchy, 1832-1932: An american elite" (ph.d. Diss., yale university, 1976), pp. 193-213.

Robert glass cleland and juanita brooks, eds., a mormon chronicle: The diaries of john d. Lee, 1848-1876, 2 vols. (san marino, calif.: The huntington library, 1955), 1:xxiii and passim; james r. Clark, "the kingdom of god, the council of fifty, and the state of deseret," utah historical quarterly 26 (april 1958): 131-48; hyrum l. Andrus, joseph smith and world government (salt lake city, utah: Deseret book co., 1958); leonard j. Arrington, great basin kingdom: An economic history of the latter-day saints, 1830-1900 (cambridge, mass.: Harvard university press, 1958), pp. 31-32 and passim; jo ann barnett shipps, "the mormon in politics: The first hundred years" (ph. D. Diss., university of colorado, 1965); klaus j. Hansen, quest for empire: The political kingdom of god and the council of fifty in mormon history (east lansing: Michigan state university press, 1967). Klaus hansen's work is most vulnerable to this criticism because his 1974 second edition stated that there was no need for revision, when in fact his interpretations were indefensible in view of diaries and other manuscripts readily available for research at the time of the second edition.
Minutes of the council of fifty, 10 april 1880, typed copy, special collections, harold b. Lee library. Brigham young university, provo, utah.
Examples in hyrum l. Andrus, doctrines of the kingdom, vol. 3 of foundations of the millennial kingdom of christ (salt lake city: Bookcraft, 1973), pp. 40-46.

Wilford woodruff journal, 10 march 1844, and franklin d. Richards journal, 10 april 1880, both at library-archives, historical department of the church of jesus christ of latter-day saints, salt lake city, utah; hereafter cited as church archives.

Joseph smith, jr., history of the church of jesus christ of latter-day saints, ed. Brigham h. Roberts, 2nd ed. Rev., 7 vols. (salt lake city: Deseret news, 1932-1951), 6:255-60; hereafter cited as hc.
Joseph smith jr. Journal, 10 march 1844, kept by willard richards, church archives. His long entries for this date were omitted from the published history of the church, 6:160, and his much briefer entry for 11 march 1844 was expanded greatly in hc, 6:160-61.

Joseph smith jr. Journal, 10 and 11 march 1844; hc, 6:160-61; william clayton journal, entries from 10 march to 18 april 1844, referred to in james b. Allen, "one man's nauvoo: The mormon experience in illinois as seen and felt by william clayton," journal of mormon history 6 (1979).

Manuscript history of the church, 11 march 1844, and joseph fielding journal, 11 march 1849, church archives; william clayton journal, 11 march 1844, as cited in allen, "one man's nauvoo," fn. 20.

Brigham young journal, 13 march 1844, church archives; manuscript history of brigham young, 13 march 1844. In later published versions of "history of brigham young," this was altered to conform to the traditional 11 march 1844 date. See latter-day saints millennial star 26 (21 may 1864): 328.

William clayton journal, 13 march 1844, referred to in allen, "one man's nauvoo," fn. 21; hc, 6:263. "history of brigham young," lds millennial star 26 (21 may 1864): 328 describes these appointments but puts them on 11 march 1844, contrary to brigham young's handwritten journal and to william clayton's journal.

This is the name from the revelation of 27 june 1882 as found in a collection of john taylor's revelations copied by his daughter annie taylor hyde in her notebook, p. 67, church archives. The william clayton journal, 1 january 1845, gives the same reading of the name except that william clayton makes "laws" singular and makes "power" plural (see allen, "one man's nauvoo," fn. 21). The 10 april 1880 minutes agree with the 1882 revelation except in leaving out "ahman christ" and in making "power" plural. The franklin d. Richards journal for 16 march 1880 and the joseph f. Smith journal memorandum, recorded following the 31 december 1880 entry, church archives, both agree with the 1882 revelation except for leaving out the words "ahman christ" and making "power" plural. However, joseph f. Smith in his journal for 16 march 1880 agrees with the singular form of "power." abbreviated versions of the full name yet closing with the words "ahman christ" are found in the entry for 9 october 1884 in the abraham h. Cannon journal, harold b. Lee library, brigham young university, and the 3 march 1849 entry in the john d. Lee journal as published in cleland and brooks, a mormon chronicle, 1:98. The wilford woodruff journal, 29 may 1847, gives the name in an abbreviated and shorthand form: "the kingdom of god & his law & judgment in [then follows the shorthand:][th[e][h[a]nds [o]f [hi]s[s[e]rtnts [sic][a[h]m[a]n [then a cross for christ]." the preceding transcription is courtesy of andrew f. Ehat, editorial intern for byu studies.

Heber c. Kimball journal, 4 february 1845, church archives; john henry smith journal, 18 may 1881, in george a. Smith family collection, western americana, j. Willard marriott library, university of utah, salt lake city.

Joseph smith journal, 13 may 1844; willard richards journal, 13 may 1844; and heber c. Kimball journal, 1 march 1845.

Heber c. Kimball journal, 11 march 1845.

B.h. Roberts cited the original manuscript for the history of the church whereas the 1857 compilers of the manuscript history of the church footnoted the term "general council" in the manuscript and identified it as the council of fifty (see hc, 7:379). It should be noted that the term "general council" was used to identify the council of fifty only in these sources created by the lds church historian in utah, and the term was never used by the members of the council of fifty in their contemporary diaries and journals. Moveover, whereas the term "council of fifty" has only one possible application, the term "general council" has had many other applications in mormon history: An organization of high priests as indicated in d&c 102:1, 8; a meeting of all general and local church officers, as indicated in "minutes of a general council," lds millennial star 24 (18 january 1862):33; and meetings during the pioneer exodus involving all captains of companies and other camp leaders, many of whom were not members of the council of fifty. Therefore, although some present authors consistently prefer "general council" when referring to the council of fifty, the term "general council" is the last satisfactory of all possible names.
"general council" references are in hc, 6:274, 286, 331, 341, 343, 351, 356, 369; hc, 7:379, 380, 387, 395, 399, 401, 405, 406, 407, 439, 447, 453, 567; and in manuscript history of the church under 26 march 1844, 4 april 1844, 11 april 1844, 18 april 1844, 25 april 1844, 6 may 1844, 13 may 1844, 31 may 1844, 1 march 1845, 4 march 1845, 11 march 1845, 18 march 1845, 22 march 1845, 11 april 1845, 15 april 1845, 22 april 1845, 29 april 1845, 6 may 1845, 10 may 1845, 9 september 1845, 30 september 1845, 4 october 1845, 11 january 1846, 12 november 1846, 13 november 1846, 25 december 1846, 26 december 1846, 27 december 1846, 9 october 1868; and in historian's office journal, 9 october 1868.

George miller to james j. Strang, 28 june 1855, published in northern islander, 6 september 1855; franklin d. Richards journal, 18 may 1881; william clayton journal, 1 january 1845, cited in allen, "one man's nauvoo," fn. 21; william clayton's journal, a daily record of the journal of the original pioneer company of "mormon" pioneers from nauvoo, illinois, to the valley of the great salt lake (salt lake city: Deseret news, 1921), pp. 202-203.

Joseph fielding journal, entry after 6 april 1844, in andrew f. Ehat,"'they might have known that he was not a fallen prophet'-- the nauvoo journal of joseph fielding," byu studies 19 (winter 1979): 148; lyman wight, an address by way of an abridged account and journal of my life from february 1844 up to april 1848 (n.p., n.d.), pp. 9, 11, 13, 14.

John d. Lee journal, 31 march 1849, in cleland and brooks, a mormon chronicle, 1:104; daniel spencer journal, 11 april 1845, and robert t. Burton journal, 10 october 1883, church archives.

Joseph fielding journal, 11 march 1849; horace s. Eldredge journal, 4 march 1849, church archives; john d. Lee journal, 3 march, 4 march, 10 march 1849, as printed in cleland and brooks, a mormon chronicle, 1:97-100.

John d. Lee journal, fall 1848, in cleland and brooks, a mormon chronicle, 1:80; brigham young jr. Journal, 23 january 1867, church archives.

Wilford woodruff journal, 25 january 1867; manuscript history of the church, 25 january 1867; hosea stout memo, 25 january 1867, in juanita brooks, ed., on the mormon frontier: The diary of hosea stout, 2 vols. (salt lake city: University of utah press, 1964), 2:716. Compare these sources with brigham young jr. Journal, 25 january 1867 (where the council is specifically identified as "the council of fifty"); or wilford woodruff journal, 10 october 1867, with elias smith journal, 10 october 1867 ("council of fifty"), church archives; and compare the robert t. Burton journal, 10 april 1883, with franklin d. Richards journal, 10 april 1883, church archives.

Hc, 6:369, 373; manuscript history of the church, 13 may 1844.

Example in william w. Taylor journal, 29 june 1883, church archives. Cf. Franklin d. Richards journal, 29 june 1883. Sometimes, however, such designation referred to a council that was not a meeting of the council of fifty.

Brigham young journal, 4 february 1845; shadrach roundy journal, end of 1870 entry; charles c. Rich journal, 4 march 1845; franklin d. Richards journal, 4 october 1881; willard richards journal, 27 march 1846; john d. Lee journal, 18 april 1846; joseph f. Smith journal, 10 april 1880; willard richards journal, 21 august-13 september 1851; phinehas richards journal, 25 august 1851, and 23 january 1867; fullmer family notebook, p. 41--all at church archives; and george miller to james j. Strang, 1 july 1855, published in northern islander, 20 september 1855.

Daniel spencer journal, 12 april 1845, cf. Heber c. Kimball journal, 12 april 1845 ("the kingdom met"); daniel spencer journal,18 april 1845, cf. Charles c. Rich journal, 18 april 1845 ("council of ft"), william w. Phelps in meeting of 27 february 1845, miscellaneous minutes at church archives; john d. Lee, mormonism unveiled, ed. W. W. Bishop (st. Louis, mo.: Bryan, brand & co., 1877). P. 173. An unsigned article in zion's harbinger and baneemy's organ 2 (january 1852): 3 declared that joseph smith "secretly organized a council of 50 men, which he denominated 'the grand council, and living constitution of the kingdom of god.'" the knowledgeable source of this information was undoubtedly william marks, who made a less specific description of the council of fifty in his letter published in zion's harbinger 3 (july 1853): 53.

Minutes of mercantile and manufacturing association of nauvoo, pp. 3, 11-12, and amasa m. Lyman journal, 28 january, 4 february, 7 february, and 18 february 1845, church archives; hc, 7:369.

Ibid. The 1845 business living constitution consisted of john taylor, george a. Smith, and amasa m. Lyman as a presidency with the following twelve counselors: Samuel bent, alpheus cutler, phinehas richards, edward hunter, daniel spencer, john benbow, theodore turley, orson spencer, david fullmer, charles c. Rich, william weeks, and joseph w. Coolidge. Compare to biographical sketches at end of this article.

Pottawattamie high council minutes, p. 137, 20 january 1849, and charles l. Walker journal, 5 june 1870, church archives; salt lake herald, 16 september 1897, p. 5.

Annie taylor hyde notebook, p. 65. This statement also appears as a quote in the minutes of 21 april 1880, harold b. Lee library, brigham young university, and probably was taken from an earlier revelation.

See fn. 108.

Hc, 6:261

annie taylor hyde notebook, pp. 58-60; see also franklin d. Richards journal and john henry smith journal for 27 june 1882.

Benjamin f. Johnson, "a life review," ms, p. 94, church archives; and cleland and brooks, a mormon chronicle, 1:80. Both statements are requoted in the studies of hansen, andrus, and others.

Clark, "the kingdom of god," p. 143.

Shipps, "the mormons in politics," p. 165.

Hansen, quest for empire, p. 190.

William clayton journal, 4 february 1845, cited in allen, "one man's nauvoo," fn. 25.

Willard richards journal, 12 november 1846.

Examples in the willard richards journal are meetings of 30 march, 2 april, 18 april, 26 april, 27 april, 20 may, 7 august 1846.

George miller to james j. Strang, 1 july 1855, published in northern islander, 20 september 1855.

Meeting of 25 august 1851, miscellaneous minutes in church archives. Cf. Journals of willard richards and wilford woodruff for this date.

Miscellaneous minutes for the period 22 august--4 october 1851; and journals of willard richards, phinehas richards, and wilford woodruff, beginning 21 august 1851. Another reference to the requirement of the quorum is in albert carrington diary, 5 october 1880, marriott library, university of utah.

Miscellaneous minutes, 23 january 1867.

Journals of brigham young jr., elias smith, wilford woodruff, and manuscript history of the church, and miscellaneous minutes for 23 january, 25 january, 5 april, 5 october 10 october 1867; 4 april, 9 april, 9 october 1868.

Manuscript history of the church, 4 april 1868.

Albert carrington diary, 10 april 1868.

Each meeting date of the council of fifty often can be verified by as many as nine personal journals of council members who openly recorded their attendance.

Joseph smith jr. Journal, 29 january 1844; willard richards journal, 4 march 1844; hc, 6:187-88; hansen, quest for empire, pp. 77-78

willard richards journal, 21 february 1844; heber c. Kimball journal, 1 march 1845; hc, 6:223